Grizzly Bear Carrying Capacity in the North Cascades Ecosystem, 2016
Grizzly Bear Carrying Capacity in the North Cascades Ecosystem, 2016
PREPARED BY:
WASHINGTON CONSERVATION SCIENCE INSTITUTE
Andrea L. Lyons, MS, William L. Gaines, PhD, James Begley, MS
USDA FOREST SERVICE, PACIFIC NORTHWEST RESEARCH STATION, Peter Singleton, PhD
Historical records indicate grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) once occurred throughout the North Cascades of Washington (Almack et al. 1993, Gaines et al. 2000) and into British Columbia, but the population has since declined due to intensive historical trapping, hunting, predator control, and habitat loss.
Wolverine Distribution and Ecology in the North Cascades Ecosystem, 2016
Wolverine Distribution and Ecology in the North Cascades Ecosystem, 2016
Final Progress Report
- Keith B. Aubry, Ph.D. (Lead Principal Investigator), Research Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA
- John Rohrer, Supervisory Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Forest Service, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Winthrop, WA
- Catherine M. Raley, Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA
- Scott Fitkin, District Wildlife Biologist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Winthrop, WA
The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is one of the rarest mammals in North America and the least known of the large carnivores (Banci 1994). The wolverine is considered a sensitive species in the Pacific Northwest Region by the U.S. Forest Service, and a candidate species for listing as threatened or endangered by the state of Washington.
National Park Service, 2015 Reports
National Park Service, 2015 Reports
- 2015 NPS Alpine - Subalpine
- 2015 NPS International Interpretation
- 2015 NPS Ross Lake Water Quality
- 2015 NPS Winnebago Flats
Wolverines of the North Cascades, 2014
Wolverine Research
The wolverine is among the rarest of the large carnivores in North America and probably least understood. SEEC produced this video to feature the collaborative, transboundary wolverine research of wildlife biologists in Washington State and and the Province of British Columbia.
DID YOU KNOW…
Diet
Wolverines eat a variety of food items. The larger animals they feed on tend to be carrion, that is, already dead when they discover them. These larger animals include elk, caribou, deer and mountain goats. Wolverines will also eat snowshoe hare, porcupines, marmots, mice, voles, birds, fish and vegetation.
Length: 82 – 130 cm | Weight: 6.5 – 16kg | Lifespan: 7-12 years
Population
Wolverines in the North Cascades of Washington State appear to be part of a larger population that reside in British Columbia and possibly Alberta. Wildlife biologists in in the U.S. collaborate with their counterparts in BC to study these populations as part of ongoing research related to transboundary species. This study area includes the North Cascades, Skagit and Similkameen watersheds.
This research involves setting live traps baited with road-killed mule deer, beaver or salmon carcasses and monitored electronically as well as visited regularly to ensure the traps are working properly. Captured wolverines are ear-tagged and fitted with radio-collars to provide general location and movement data. Approximately 1 dozen unique wolverines have been trapped, tagged and monitored over a 4 – 5 year period.
Range
For a graphic illustration of the extensive range of rough country the wolverine travels over, visit page 13 of this report by wolverinefoundation.org. The vast, uninterupted wild space a wolverine requires speak volumes to importance of protected habitat.
Reproduction
Mating season for wolverines is late spring to summer with an average of 1 – 2 kits being born the following winter, into spring. The kits are born white in color, in dens, burrowed deep into the snow in remote alpine locations usually at or just above the treeline.
What threatens wolverines?
The threats to wolverines are ultimately all human initiated.
Climate change affects the wolverines because the available deep snow in their southern habitat regions is slowly diminishing.
Encroachment of human activity disrupts denning wolverines. Outdoor enthusiasts are accessing wild places via snowmobile and backcountry skiing excursions.
As human infrastructure expands into more remote regions, available wolverine habitat becomes more fragmented. Connected corridors of protected lands are required to enable the wide ranging wolverine to travel between regional wolverine populations.
The recent wolverine work in BC is funded by the Habitat Conservation Trust Fund, the Skagit Environmental Endowment Commission, the BC Ministry of Environment and the BC Conservation Foundation.
For the latest information about wolverine research, connect with the following organizations.
Hozomeen Video: A story about chert, identity, and landscape, 2010
Hozomeen: A story about chert, identity, and landscape, 2010
Produced by: Benjamin Drummond and Sara Joy Steele, bdsjs.com
Hozomeen: A story about chert, identity, and landscape from North Cascades National Park on Vimeo.
Human History of the Upper Skagit Watershed, 2008
The following document provides an overview of human history in the Upper Skagit Watershed, largely focused on the lands upstream of the Ross Lake Reservoir. The information has been gathered from many publications, as well as personal communications.
In roughly chronological order, the main eras covered are:
- First Nations
- European Contact
- Fur Industry
- Gold Rush / Mining
- Homesteads
- Hydroelectric
- Logging
- Modern Highways
- Wilderness Preservation
Fraser-Cascade Mountain School and Hope Mountain Centre, Hope BC
Archaeology of the Little Beaver Watershed, Mierendorf, 2004
Archaeology of the Little Beaver Watershed, North Cascades National Park Service Complex
2004
by Robert R. Mierendorf
This technical report describes the results of an archeological survey funded by the Skagit Environmental Endowment Commission (SEEC). The goal of such a survey is to recognize and record the archeological remains of past human activity from both the pre-contact and contact time periods.
NCI - Skagit Watershed Education Project, 1998 Teacher Handbook
The Skagit Watershed Education Project is a cooperative program which helps elementary teachers
and children in the Skagit and Samish watersheds understand issues and activities which affect water,
fish, wildlife, and people within the Skagit River basin
North Cascades Institute, Mountain School Teacher Guide, 1998
Mountain School is an outdoor education program operated by North Cascades Institute in North
Cascades National Park. Students come to the North Cascades with their school class, teacher and
parent chaperones to learn about the forest ecosystems, natural and cultural history through
immersion in the environment that they are studying.